Grade 8 - Test- States of Matter

Answer Section (Model Answers)

 Multiple Choice

v  D

v  B

v  D

v  A

v  C

v  A

v  D

v  A

v  C

v  D

v  B

v  A

v  B

v  B

v  C

v  C

v  A

v  D

v  B

v  C

 Completion

v     gas

v     viscosity

v     solid

v     condensation

v     Charles’s law

v     evaporation

v     gas

v     endothermic

v     viscosity

MATCH   Matching

v  J

v  B

v  A

v  H

v  F

v  C

v  D

v  I

v  E

v  G

  Others

OTHER

v     C

v     B

v     A, gas; C, liquid; E, solid

v     B, condensation; D, freezing

Model Answers for worksheets of CH4: SEC1: ELEMENTS

Directed Reading B

SECTION: ELEMENTS

1. B                           11. Metals

2. C                           12. Nonmetals

3. B                           13. Metalloids

4. A                           14. C

5. B                           15. A

6. B                           16. B

7. A                           17. D

8. C                           18. A

9. D                           19. C

10. Elements             20. B

Review

1. Metals are good heat conductors, and nonmetals are poor heat conductors.

3. Possible answers: Yes, because metals conduct electric current and nonmetals don’t. Yes, because electric wires are made of copper or aluminum, which are metals. No, because some metalloids conduct electric current, so it may be possible to use metalloids as wires.

4. The elements are nonmetals because all of the elements that are gases are nonmetals and because metals conduct heat.

5. 100% - (92.7% + 6.9%) = 0.4%

Grade 8A

By Monday 6-12-2010 I expect ALL of you to submit me the following:

1- Science Fair Proposal Form.

2- Grading Rubric of the Science Fair Project Background Research Plan.

3- Question table of the Background Research Plan Worksheet.

Remember forgetting any of these will affect your research and overall grades of the first trimester.

Good Luck.

Grade 8B

Dear All,

Because of the too much arguments, aggressive behavior, and uncooperative manner most of you showed towards each other, these are the groups working together in the Science Fair Project. The groups are formed according to the following criteria:

1- No friends are to be together.

2- “A” students are to work with intermediate and low achieving students.

I expect all of you to adapt and start working; this was recommended by your Subject Leader Mrs. Hanan AlFred and we will not accept any objections from anyone, this is finalized. By the way remember working together means sharing. The output at the end can either be good or bad, it is all in your hands, however each member in a group has to work and be aware that if any student is reported not to be working well in his group, he is facing a big trouble regarding his/her grades. Remember you need the grade and you have to work very well to earn it with honor. I wish you the best.

Group 1:

1- Nourhan El Said

2- Mahmoud El Ghamrawy

3- Omar Yassin

Group 2:

1- Dina Saad

2- Yasmeen Samy

3- Aly Rabie

Group 3:

1- Nadeen Riad

2- Mona Abdou

3- Yehia El Beshir

Group 4:

1- Nadeen Fahmy

2- Farah Ouf

3- Mohamed El Gayar

Group 5:

1- Amina Salem

2- Mohamed Abou ElEzz

3- Yasmeen El Masry

Group 6:

1- Nour ElDin Nassar

2- Ahmed ElGarhy

3- Mourad Halbunie

Group 7:

1- Aliaa Fawzy

2- Aly Abou Rehab

3- Hana Shash

Group 8:

1- Ahmed Yehia

2- Hazem Yassin

3- Nada Wael

By Monday 6-12-2010 I expect ALL of you to submit me the following:

1- Science Fair Proposal Form.

2- Grading Rubric of the Science Fair Project Background Research Plan.

3- Question table of the Background Research Plan Worksheet.

Remember forgetting any of these will affect your research and overall grades of the first trimester. I will be in Lab 204 at the FIRST BREAK to receive your documents.

Good Luck.

Topics for Science Fair

From: http://www.juliantrubin.com/branchesofsciencefair.html

                                                     Branch: Chemistry

Water Chemistry:

1. Determine which added material will make ice melt fastest.
2. Find out if adding various amounts of different solutes to water will increases its boiling point.
3. Find out if adding salt, oil, detergent, and heating water could influence ordinary tap water's surface tension.

Acidity:

1. Using Pennies to Test How pH Affects Copper Corrosion.
2. See which of several substances has the most acidity by measuring CO₂ production when mixed with baking soda.

Temperature in Chemistry:

1. How Does Temperature Affect a Rubber Band's Elasticity?
2. The Effect of Temperature on the Water Solubility of Alum, Baking Soda, Epsom Salt, and Salt.

Compounds, Mixtures &Solutions:

1. Determine how the temperature of a mixture of water and ammonium nitrate changes with the amount of ammonium nitrate dissolved in the water.

From: http://www.juliantrubin.com/foodprojects.html

Chocolate, Candy and Sweets:

1. Use paper chromatography to see which dyes are used in the coatings of your favorite colored candies.

From: http://www.sciencebuddies.org/

1. Measuring the Surface Tension of Water.
2. Super cooling Water and Snap Freezing.
3. How Does Color Affect Heating by Absorption of Light?
4. Parachutes: Does Size Matter?
5. Race Your Marbles to Discover a Liquid's Viscosity
6. Rocketology: Baking Soda + Vinegar = Lift Off!
7. From Gas to Rust: Measuring the Oxygen Content of Air
8. Saturated Solutions: Measuring Solubility

                           Model Answers for Worksheets of Changes of State

DIRECT READING B: CHANGES OF STATE

1. Freezing

2. Melting

3. Evaporation

4. Condensation

5. Melting

6. Endothermic

7. Freezing

8. Exothermic

9. Evaporation

10. Change of state

11. C

12. D

13. Sublimation

14. Endothermic

15. B

Review

1. The particles of a solid only vibrate. The particles of a liquid can move past one another. The particles of a gas are free to move anywhere.

2. Energy is added or removed during a change of state. A change of state does not make a new substance, so changes of state are physical changes.

3. Melting requires energy. Freezing is the removal of energy. Both happen at the same temperature.

4. Both processes change a liquid to a gas. Evaporation is a slower process than boiling. In an open container, you need to heat a liquid in order to boil it.

5. Sublimation requires energy and changes a solid directly to a gas. Condensation gives off energy and changes a gas to a liquid.

6.

Property	Solid	Liquid	Gas
Attraction between particles	strong	weaker than in a solid	little or no attraction
Distance between particles	close	close	far apart
Movement of particles	They vibrate only.	They can move past each other.	There is freedom of movement.

Dear all,

I found some websites that could help in your search for a topic. Here are the websites below, if you want more, just Google science fair topics ideas for Middle school 

http://www.juliantrubin.com/branchesofsciencefair.html

Examples are:

http://www.juliantrubin.com/foodprojects.html

http://www.juliantrubin.com/topicprojects/interdisciplinarytopics.html--

http://www.juliantrubin.com/fairprojects/genetics/human_genetics.html

http://www.juliantrubin.com/fairprojects/earthsciences/earthquakes.html

This is interesting site too; you can type in the search box whatever branch of science you are interested in.

http://all-science-fair-projects.com/science_fair_projects.php?s_terms=Food%20Science%20&type=0&s_difficulty=&hidden=1&s_category=

Model Answers for Worksheets of Grade 8

Directed Reading A for CHAPTER 2 SECTION 1, 2 AND 3

SECTION 1: WHAT IS MATTER?

1. They are all made of matter.

2. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

3. B

4. D

5. Volume is the amount of space taken up by an object.

6. volume

7. meniscus

8. cubic

9. length, width, and height

10. Answers may vary. Sample answer: The volume could be measured by

placing the object in a graduated cylinder with water. The volume of water displaced is the volume of the object.

11. because 1 milliliter of water is equal to 1 cubic centimeter

12. D

13. C

14. A

15. D

16. The only way to change the mass is to change the amount of matter it contains.

17. mass

18. weight

19. weight

20. mass

21. weight

22. weight

23. mass

24. C

25. Something must act on an object to change the motion of the object.

26. The more mass an object has, the greater its inertia.

27. Answers may vary. Sample answer: A full cart has more mass than an empty one. More mass means the cart has more inertia. Because it has more inertia, a full cart is harder to put into motion.

SECTION 2: PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

1. B

2. C

3. D

4. A

5. F

6. C

7. B

8. E

9. G

10. physical property

11. density

12. density

13. The densest layer will settle on the bottom.

14. The least dense layer will be found on top.

15. because 1 kg of lead would take up less space than 1 kg of feathers

16. The object will sink.

17. Answers may vary. Sample answer: If you know the density of the

substance, you could compare it with the density of water. If the density of the object is less than the density of water it will float.

18. D _ m/V

19. density; volume; mass

20. volume

21. Answers may vary. Sample answer: because a substance’s density is always the same at a given temperature and pressure and because most substances have different densities

22. physical change

23. changes in state

24. PC

25. X

26. PC

27. PC

28. PC

29. PC

30. identity

31. Answers may vary. Sample answer: When matter undergoes a physical

change, one or more physical properties are changed. For example, if a lump of copper is drawn out into a thin wire, only its shape is changed, not its identity.

SECTION 3: CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

1. C

2. A

3. B

4. D

5. B

6. Answers will vary. Sample answer: The burning changes wood to smoke and ashes.

7. chemical

8. characteristic

9. B

10. C

11. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Baking a cake involves chemical

changes because the cake has completely different properties than

its original ingredients. It is impossible to reverse the results of those changes.

12. Answers may vary. Sample answer: The creation of new substances with

new properties shows that a change is chemical. Other signs include fizzing

or foaming, a change in color or odor, the production of heat, sounds, or

light being given off.

13. chemical changes

14. Answers may vary. Sample answer: Some chemical changes can be reversed with more chemical changes. For example: The water formed in a

space shuttle’s rockets can later be split back into hydrogen and oxygen

using an electric current.

15. B

16. A

17. physical changes

18. CC

19. PC

20. CC

21. PC

22. CC

23. CC

24. PC

25. PC

Ch2 Section1: Vocabulary worksheet

SECTION: WHAT IS MATTER?

1. Matter: anything that has mass and takes up space

2. Volume: a measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space

3. Meniscus: the curve at a liquid’s surface by which one measures the volume of the liquid

4. Mass: a measure of the amount of matter in an object

5. Weight: a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object; its value can change with the location of the object in the universe

6. Inertia: the tendency of an object to resist being moved or, if the object is moving, to resist a change in speed or direction until an outside force acts on the object.

Ch 2 Section 2: Reinforcement worksheet

A MATTER OF DENSITY

1. Green liquid: 0.75 kg/L; Blue liquid: 0.9 kg/L; Red liquid: 1.2 kg/L; Black liquid: 0.8 kg/L

2. First (bottom): red; Second: blue; Third: black; Fourth (top): green

3. B

4. The layers of the diagram should be shaded/labeled in the following order from the top: green, black, blue, red.

5. Accept all reasonable answers. Sample answer: I could open the spigot at the bottom of the tank and let the red liquid out.

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CHAPTER 3

CH3: SECTION 1

Directed Reading B

SECTION: THREE STATES OF MATTER

1. B                    7. C

2. A                    8. C

3. C                    9. B

4. B                   10. A

5. A                   11. D

6. D                   12. A

Vocabulary and Section

Summary

SECTION: THREE STATES OF MATTER

1. States of matter: the physical forms ofmatter, which include solid, liquid, and gas

2. Solid: the state of matter in which the volume and shape of a substance are fixed

3. Liquid: the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape

4. Surface tension: the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface

5. Viscosity: the resistance of a gas or liquid to flow

6. Gas: a form of matter that does not have a definite volume or shape

Chapter 3 States of Matter

SECTION 1 THREE STATES OF MATTER

Section Review Worksheet

1. Solid: brick, penny, ice cube

    Liquid: water, milk, soda, oil

    Gas: air, oxygen, water vapor

2. They are always moving.

3. The particles of a liquid can move past one another, but the particles of a solid stay in fixed positions.

4. The particles of a gas can move far away from one another, but the particles of a liquid stay close to one another.

5. Surface tension

6.

State of matter	Definite shape	Definite volume
Solid	yes	yes
Liquid	no	yes
Gas	no	no

CH3 Section 2: Behavior of Gases

SECTION: BEHAVIOR OF GASES

Direct Reading A

1. C

2. temperature

3. The particles of gas in the balloon will have less energy, and the particles of gas will not push as hard on the walls of the balloon.

4. volume

5. container

6. pressure

7. The pressure is greater in the basketball because it contains more particles of gas in the same volume. More particles of gas hit the inside of the basketball. This makes the force on the inside surface increase, which produces greater pressure.

8. B

9. C

10. Boyle’s law

11. As the balloon rises, the pressure of the gas decreases as the volume increases. The balloon would pop if it were completely filled before being released.

12. Charles’s law

13. Charles’s law

Reinforcement

MAKE A STATE-MENT

Liquid: has surface tension; has viscosity; changes shape when placed in a different container; does not change in volume; Particles are close together.

Gas: Particles break away completely from one another; changes shape when placed in a different container; has viscosity; changes volume to fill its container; obeys Boyle’s law; amount of empty space can change

Solid: Particles are close together; Particles vibrate in place; Particles are held tightly in place by other particles; does not change in volume; has definite shape.

Vocabulary

SECTION: BEHAVIOR OF GASES

1. Temperature: a measure of how hot (or cold) something is; specifically, a measure of the movement of particles

2. Volume: a measure of the size of a body or region in three-dimensional space

3. Pressure: the amount of force exerted per unit area of a surface

4. Boyle’s law: the law that states that the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure of a gas when temperature is constant

5. Charles’s law: the law that states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the temperature of a gas when pressure is constant.

CH3: Section3

SECTION: CHANGES OF STATE

Direct Reading B

1. freezing

2. melting

3. evaporation

4. condensation

5. melting

6. endothermic

7. freezing

8. exothermic

9. evaporation

10. change of state

11. C

12. D

13. sublimation

14. endothermic

15. B

Section Review worksheet

1. The particles of a solid only vibrate. The particles of a liquid can move past one another. The particles of a gas are free to move anywhere.

2. Energy is added or removed during a change of state. A change of state does not make a new substance, so changes of state are physical changes.

3. Melting requires energy. Freezing is the removal of energy. Both happen at the same temperature.

4. Both processes change a liquid to a gas. Evaporation is a slower process than boiling. In an open container, you need to heat a liquid in order to boil it.

5. Sublimation requires energy and changes a solid directly to a gas. Condensation gives off energy and changes a gas to a liquid.